However, in terms of ideology and imperial and territorial ambition they remained deeply at odds. Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union were essentially allied in the ruthless double invasion of Poland in September 1939, and their cooperative annexations of other small states, in whole or in part, in 1939-1940. Though never engaged in military action in the Eastern Front, the United States and the United Kingdom both provided substantial material aid to the Soviet Union. The two principal powers were Germany and the Soviet Union, along with smaller Axis allies like Finland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Italy. The Eastern Front was decisive in determining the outcome in the European Theater of Operation in World War II, with the Red Army inflicting by far the most damage on the armies of Nazi Germany and the Axis nations. Of the estimated 70-85 million deaths attributed to World War II, around 40 million occurred on the Eastern Front. They were characterized by unprecedented ferocity, destruction on a massive scale, mass deportations, and immense loss of life due to combat, starvation, exposure, disease, and massacres. The battles on the Eastern Front constituted the largest military confrontations in history. 2 Kleines Kettenkrad – GER | PERSONNEL CARRIER/PRIME MOVERġ5 cm Nebelwerfer 41 – GER | ROCKET LAUNCHERīorgward IV Ausf. 7.5 cm Pak 97/38 – GER/FRA | ANTI-TANK GUN
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